Usi degli idrocarburi il petrolio e la sua lavorazione

Petroleum was formed through degradation processes, especially of organic materials of mainly vegetal origin, and through the action of anaerobic bacteria. The transformation of the tissues of these vegetal organisms such as algae, plantlets, but also of other organisms, therefore occurred through an enzymatic catalysis caused by microorganisms in conditions of absence of oxygen and in some cases also by

inorganic catalysts. The organic matter from which petroleum was formed can be dated back to at least 500 million years ago. The product is a mixture of all these fermentations, a mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular alkanes, citric acid, alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. But petroleum also contains small quantities of compounds

that contain oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, mineral salts, sediments, and water. These substances, in particular water, petroleum and gas form different phases depending on their density, therefore they are arranged in the rock, the lowest reservoir, the water, then the petroleum, in the upper part of this reservoir, therefore formed by impermeable rock, the gaseous component is arranged.

Then the petroleum can be extracted from these rocks by spontaneous events or by means of drilling of the seabed soil for example here we have an oil pump that extracts oil from an oil well the hydrocarbons that make up the oil can be separated through three distinct distillation operations low temperature vacuum distillation which eliminates

gaseous hydrocarbons with chains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms distillation at atmospheric pressure and a subsequent possible vacuum distillation which concerns the residual part of the previous distillation Therefore in its natural state the petroleum also called Crude has no practical uses but precisely from its refining therefore which starts with the distillation it is possible to