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Fluid and electrolytes of ธนัท — Transcript · YTtoTranscript

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Fluid and electrolytes of ธนัท

ฝ่ายเทคนิค MD18 · 14,677 words · 73 min read · EN

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Below is the complete, readable transcript of Fluid and electrolytes of ธนัท by ฝ่ายเทคนิค MD18 on YouTube. Read the full text, copy any part you need, or generate a transcript for any video with our free tool.

what What does that mean, Mom? media

Please come and receive the honor. Accept the case and solve it. We've got everything now, right? This is the same old story about independence; it'll be like this... that Who's getting on? Take it yourself hell It's similar, but no, it's not. like Who's on shift this time? Who's staying overnight? Today? Yes, did you pick it up again, Ogu?

Want one? No, today is Sunday, Mom, tomorrow is not. I already changed lines. Tomorrow I'll be with Coco. Good Mood Cocoa Good mood I'm in a good mood if what I say, if I do, if I do the right thing. No matter what comfortable The first one, the very first. I've never been there before.

I've never been to Laos with you, so I haven't seen you today. Came with the nurse. Like, yeah, I never get the time right. thank you Brother Tor

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day Indifferent It's an outpatient (OPD) visit to Professor Suea's clinic, that's our core issue. My mood depends on my mood; my mood is Tuesday. we It was actually supposed to be Tuesday, but maybe you were like... If she's busy on Tuesday, we might postpone it to Thursday. Na But we have to wait.

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Didn't Image teach you this already? Let's go for a walk. Is it true? Is it really true? Hey, how is San going to teach someone how to fight with pellets? If it were Colon, he'd come, but Eli wouldn't. What subjects did he teach? Let me tell you. Just a rough outline Just the topic will do.

Approximately how much?

I've already taught you about chlorine sodium. Gas card The teaching went well, excellent!

That means we probably won't need much time.

This refers to arthritis in surgical patients. Let's go quickly, shall we? It will include the following: Body fluid changes in the body. Regarding body fluids and... Electrolytes, and then there's the matter of Fluorocarbons. What is electronics in the field of science?

How much water is in the human body? (Just reviewing this.) etc. 50-60%, depending on what. "Body," right? It depends on the tissue, male or female. Women aren't treated equally, are they, tissue type? Which one has a lot of water in its ingredients?

It comprises approximately 50-60%, but if... This is a new model, so it will be a bit tall. New models are tall. It's about 80% different. The question I asked earlier depends on the type of tissue used. Is it tissue like mushy or solid? Organs tend to have a high water content in their components.

Mostly, when it comes to bones or... Fashion contains a very small amount of water. That's more likely, and therefore it makes people... They weigh about the same, meaning their body weight. They're the same; men have the same body parts. Water makes up a larger proportion of bodies than in women. Yes, and within the group of people who are in the field of psychology,

Is there a group called Obesity that's affected by water? Body weight should be the same, but with less water content. That's more than just water; it's the water we're talking about in the body. People can categorize things based on what they're in. Which compartments are there? They consist of... Let's go with both intracellular and extracellular data.

Extracellular matrix will also have axular structure. In Asia, right? About 60% of that would be... 40% of the cell's composition is water. The remaining 40% is extra lube. And that 20% of the extra will be divided further. It's in the Intercity area where we do our checkups. The patient's body is swollen by 15%.

Or is it in the bloodstream at 5%? Therefore, Just looking at whether the patient is swollen or not isn't enough to say anything. It's possible to check if there's enough water in the body because... When we evaluate or look at the unit's output... We're talking about what's in the plasma here. The blood vessels, but what we checked under pressure...

That's water that's not yet counted internationally. I wonder if the cells are swollen too, therefore... Evaluating voroom based solely on a physical examination. Relying on only one source may sometimes not be accurate enough. Well, in normal patients, it might be possible to make inferences. That means each compartment has an increased amount of water.

Approximately equal proportions like this, but in patients, for example... The patient has hypomyarin and is experiencing fluid leakage because... Therefore, the trend is that there might be water leaking from somewhere. The plasma flows to the C-cell more than in normal people. Therefore, this part of the animal may start to... That's correct. Hey, back then, Professor Suea was involved in a traffic violation because someone had a card.

How much is the volume ticket? The conference was being held at ICON. This one, it's 60%, 50-60%, no. I don't really use it much; it's related to the numbers. This is a lot of voluntary cards that I need to consult ANAS about. When we're preparing blood for surgery, we'll just ignore it. Hmm, this patient seems to have a volume card hidden within their body.

How much blood do we need to prepare for the body? It is estimated that this operation involved significant blood loss. Around 1-2 liters, is that the danger point yet? Do we need to prepare blood? Is that correct? Just because something came out of a bag doesn't mean that... We need to refill one of the bags, right? Because it's not empty.

If we're in a dangerous situation, we can let go. Because the exam might require checking the serial number again. If everything is stable, the patient will... They can rebuild it themselves, but only if it's squeezed to a certain point. I can't take it anymore, that's when change will start happening at him. Use this as a percentage of the time required to evaluate the matter.

You're probably familiar with chocolate, right? What grades are there? Grade 1... Typically, grade 2 starts to show rapid growth, grade 3 is BPROP. Previously, they used volume, then they switched to... The accuracy percentage is higher because each person is different. Not as heavy The numbers represent the card volume. About 70%, humans have approximately 70 cc of blood.

yes Okay, here comes the plasma volume and volume card. What's the difference? The plasma label says it contains 5%. Body weight, but the volume indicates that there is... 7% or approximately 70 cc. Why is the plastic so thin? The numbers on the Vol cards are not the same. Right? I just showed you the slides. I didn't bring them.

I just randomly picked this one; it's from Schwaplast MA. They said 5%.

Plasma is blood, and there's also a volume card. Including other component cards such as red. Buzzelltaibuzlno will Okay, next let's look at the components of... Let's talk about electrolytes in the body. It's important to know that the electrolyte is crucial. We'll be talking about sodium chloride. Chloride is present, which is normal when we do skening.

The issue of salty cards will lead to these kinds of labs popping up. It's a regular routine, right? BN Clean Eight el will do. It contains sodium and potassium chloride leaves. Except if we request additional items such as... Max might drill more, but if we drill, let us know. That routine is essentially sodium potassium chloride.

"Khab" means it's an important electrolyte. That's quite a high-level role, we need to know what that is. The components we see are located inside the cells. Or is it outside the cell? Is it in the bloodstream? Or is it inside the cell? Right? Because when we do the checks, we... The electrolytes that were in it were not checked.

Our cells are detected in the blood, therefore... We need to interpret the results to understand what the electrolyte is actually. Where are they usually found? Where is the sodium? It's outside the cell, like when we puncture or move a needle. You'll see that the normal range is 135-145. Right? That's quite high, while K drilled it.

3.5-5.5, where 5 is the normal value, means K. Most of it is in cells, right? Max Force too. They're the same; these are things that are inside. The cell is being punctured with sodium chloride. When you get a gas card or a blood test, you'll see it right away. Very high numbers, in the hundreds, in normal people indicate that...

These are electronic components located outside. It's a cell. Movement through the body also relies on sodium. Potassium pumping, which relies on ATP for… It's moving. I'd rather not talk about that; we're just basics. We probably already know all of that. You can tell me about Osmotic. pressure onic pressure hydrostatic Pressure; movement of fluid.

If we talk about blood vessels and interstitial spaces... What is it that holds water in the blood vessels? Bias, pressure, right? If it's the human body... We are mainly albumin, and then water. How does it move through?

You know, right? But you're just too afraid to say it. I understand, I understand. Normally, human serum osmosis has a value of approximately... It's 290-310, some say 320. It depends, some say 290-310, others say... Tell me 280-320. The method for calculating serum concentration depends on the reference used. Osmolysis is 2 sodium plus 18 glucose.

Add VN/2.8, some formulas may vary. There might be a few more additions, maybe I'll take them. The leg blades are also included in the calculation, but according to... The textbook still includes the formulas they frequently reference. This is probably the formula; the serum seems to be having an effect. We'll talk about it later during the workshop.

It's about electronics. Okay, so changes in body fluids are also important. There will be changes in volume. Transform the concentration and composition. Okay, so we need to know about volume change first. That people are so...intense. Uh, how much per day? How much water should a person normally take in? If it's for our patients, we should use the "Holiday" term, right?

This is a calculation for maintenance fluid. Okay, so let's assume that person has no loss at all. No vomiting, no diarrhea, didn't get stabbed. Bleeding in the arm has no loss of blood and no space loss. My stomach isn't swollen, I don't have any bloating. obstruction We will calculate the maintenance fluid requirements as follows:

The HID is calculated by... When we're doing our morning rounds, we calculate the IV rate. We need to know the patient's weight, right? Use the correct weight. The first 10 tricks Ah, I remember the first 10 items were 1,000, and the next 10 items were 500. We could use ml as a multiplier, but it's a multiplication.

It's consistent throughout. I remember the first 10 tricks, 1,000 tricks. Next, the remaining 500 will be 20 each, okay? Add them all together, that's the approximate volume we have. It is estimated that the patient should receive treatment per day after. Then divide by 24 to get the IV rate, but remember that. This is for maintenance only, it doesn't include other services.

That's a deficit, for example, if the patient has an NG tube discharge that day. We need to return 2,000 to the customer, right? We need to excrete 3 liters of urea per day. Please replace it/return it. Or the patient left their abdomen open like this. Temporary Abdal Cachure has a space L. I've seen them sucking liquids through suction all the time, and we...

You need to replace it, therefore the formula is HIC. This is maintenance fluid. Most people drink about 2 liters of water. The daily rate is 75%, mostly oral. It's a fluid, the rest comes from solids. Fluid... no, solid food... The typical speed is around 0.5-1 cc. This is a normal person's percentage, around 800.

-1,200, but this depends on the intelligence. Intake as well, if there's a lot of energy intake that day. The urinary tract infection might fade, and the urinary tract infection might disappear. That's a lot, if it's from the studio, around... 250 ml is mostly absorbed by the colon. It's almost 100% absorbent because... Therefore, relatively little of it is excreted through feces.

Yes, except in cases where the patient has... In the field of science, you'll encounter this a lot, as I mentioned earlier. It's normal for a person to relate to our surgical patients. They said, "Hey, most of it gets reabsorbed, doesn't it?" There aren't many problems with Grack. Which group of patients, Thotsakorn, have fluid loss via JAC?

The body reabsorbs most of its water through the colon, yes. That colon is the real culprit!

Ah, IBD (Integrated Blu-ray) has the function of... The condition of the substance may worsen. I encounter that even more often; it's actually a person. There aren't many egg yolks because we eat a lot. No, it's not. For example, patients who have undergone bypass surgery. Lifting the ostomy Let's take a chostomy as an example. You'll notice that if you look at it...

Cholostomy is similar in that it involves lifting the loop. Characteristics of transvert and sigmid chostomy. The stool wasn't there when we went to change the bag. It's the same thing if you take the osmosis (OS) part, which is the small intestine. The stool will be very liquid if you lift the transverted lobe.

Only if it's on the right side will the stool not be formed yet. The lump is good, but it's starting to gain weight, and if you lift it up... In most cases, the stool in the colon is usually firm. Therefore, the higher the proximal position, the greater the chance of... Water loss is even greater, especially...

This OS can lose 2-3 liters of liquid per day. It's so bad it could even be considered an 'a' because... Therefore, we don't often see lifting in the ward. How much is the osomal microcontroller, because of the Morbit? There's a lot more to it than just fluid loss. There's also the issue of the abdominal area.

It's the wall, okay? Insensible loss occurs through the skin. Respiratory loss would be approximately 200-400 ml. Per day, especially for patients with fever. Even at high temperatures, a ventilator may malfunction in patients. That's a very high amount, possibly up to 600 ml per day. It is estimated that the fever is approximately 1 degree Celsius.

This can increase the fluid level by approximately 10-15%. Well, I've never seen it calculated before. Okay, most of the time the losses we experience in this manner are... This is free water, which means the sodium content will be relatively low. It's lower down, you know, like sweat and salty stuff. However, the sodium concentration is quite low.

Okay. The type of substance that would be lost in this way is people. Is it a ventilator or an open one? Abdomen, Temory and Coaching in people. This is the kind of trauma fever that Professor Tiger has... You can't close the abdomen; you have to leave it open. Na Volume control This one's probably P'Kim's.

Does this sound familiar? Your body detects changes in volume. how Both in terms of pressure and concentration, right? Ah, that "scotic body" sounds familiar, one of them is... Stress receptors are subjected to increased pressure. Whether it goes up or down, it causes the body to detox. The volume is likely deficient and needs to be stimulated to increase.

Pump the water back through both the KUB and Grack connections. One method involves checking the concentration of blood. The osmotic pressure will increase or decrease depending on whether the osmotic pressure is low or high. Stimulate change. This sounds familiar, like the Angensin system. Okay, that's a pint, so I'll skip it. I think Professor Med has probably taught this already.

Could you tell me a little about it, even just one person? Lenin Angosensin System When the professor was teaching about Inarapil, I... Speaking of which, it's an age inhibitor.

What is this related to? So, this system is the starting point for kidney function, right? But there's another infection in the lungs, right? This is the form where the active form is already working. The active form of ensin is excreted. Where do its effects occur? Nobody asked, I was just repeating it. Where exactly are the adrenal glands responsible for controlling hormone levels?

Anything else? Ah, so what are you controlling? ADH? Where does ADH come from? Which part? Proximal Henry Loop or Collecting To Woo, Collecting to Woo, that's the end. Okay, okay, I guess you remember that. The amount of water lost by humans is... It would be a waste of our time, we would waste our water.

This is extra fluid, which in terms of... Each organ has its own unique construction. And they secrete fluid in uneven amounts. For example, if you look at the strawberries... The stomach produces approximately [number] secretions. 1-2 liters per day. Let's visualize that... Think about many patient cases or patients who have... Don't count the traffic outlet obstruction.

It's a small bow, if it's a small bow... Content from Small Bow as well, but what if... Just looking at the stomach makes me think of... There is a gastric outlet obstruction. Pushing through the queue or "First first part" You mean duodinum, right? And what about SMA syndrome? Hold my Where do I press for SMA? I've had SMA Syndrome before.

Are you happy? It's a vascular disease. What does that have to do with anything? GTA Hey, I remember someone who used to go to SMA in Laos. Right? That adjusts the angle of the SMA and ATA. It narrows; as the angle narrows, what's there at that point? pass Is it the part of Dominum that causes this characteristic?

It's like an obstruction, right? This also makes people... Fever can present with various symptoms including nausea and vomiting. Where is the difference between go, SMA, or small? bar obstruction Do the characteristics of vomit differ? Keywords, keywords when answering multiple-choice questions. You can get this one. Where was it built? "Bought it from River, right? Hype, dark."

Common HPIC Dark by Dark (opened via) Ampul, Ampul, where? Second priminum? Yes, that's what you said. Gastric suction is pathologically present. which Is it antrum or first partinum? Therefore, if that area gets clogged... What will vomiting be like? There's no lag of buy because there's no "buy". It's in the second part; it goes down below.

It can't go up because it's blocked. Therefore, the patient's condition will only contain food content. okay "Small," I think, is about 2-3 liters here. Small is a point where there are problems regarding... Significant space loss can occur, leading to... Confusion arises in surgical patients when evaluating medication administration. Fluid administration, such as in patients with Small B suction.

When we assess patients, they may appear thin, but... Oh, there's no record. For example, the patient might have colonic obstruction. These patients, or rather, those with a distal smile. Obstruction; vomiting will not be prominent; the patient will... I came in with bloating, abdominal pain, cramps, and vomiting. It's not very prominent; vomiting would be much more prominent in...

Proximal Small or GooO, these will come. Outstanding, but if it starts lower than that... Colonitis is more often accompanied by bloating. The water that is in the well in the rune is considered... Space loss refers to a condition that occurs within the human body. It's a fever, but it's in a space that doesn't affect anything.

Hermione didn't increase, therefore... He lost fluid into the space, regardless... Will it be intraluminol or elsewhere? In peritonium, inrap peritonium, for example. Being an IS would be considered a thirst space. It's a loss, therefore, when we take care of patients... This group might need some volume added to it. Before undergoing surgery, because when we...

The assessment was that the patient was okay, but then the patient... As soon as the patient is placed in the anesthesia dome, the patient will lose a group of patients. This will just become a bpop if the volume isn't enough because... Currently, he/she is able to wear/use the BP (Bangkok Pressure) item. Because there is symbolic compensation.

But the volume loss is still not significant enough. That's what we'll see, BP will do, so we will... Oh okay, the patient seems okay. Let's wait for z or Set the maintenance rate until the patient starts receiving anesthesia. The blood pressure will drop immediately in this group of patients. Once you drop out, it's hard to get back up; the anesthesiologist has to start over.

Give Inotope the start of intravenous fluid administration. It happens because the tattoo artist assesses the patient. It's not good to be before going into surgery because... Therefore, most patients who bite obstructively usually... You'll need to give a bit more volume to normal patients, but if... There might be a problem with the heart.

Should we be cautious with patients of extreme age? 80-90 might need to be careful; Challenge is a standalone event. Or should we use Inversive Monitoring? Help me with things like drawing a C line or an A line. Because in this group of patients, Unsound IVC is difficult because the gold is carried along by the air.

Ah, the unasound component doesn't pass through the air conditioner very well. That's good, therefore, unassumed ultrasound for this patient group. It's going to be quite difficult. Okay, if it's a buy, it's around 300-800. We can use it as real-time information when we look at people. In cases of PTBD (Postpartum Bruising Disease), the patient will pass away directly.

There is no reabsorption at all if the patient receives it. When doing PTBD, the internal part will be entered... Strength drain into G track and then draft. The body reabsorbs it normally, which is good for the patient. Some groups couldn't do it that way, so they had to come here. During PTBD (Performance-Based Blood Drainage), a tube is inserted into the abdomen, as we can see.

These things, once they're broken, are broken forever; you just have to throw them away. Yes, generally it's around 300-800 ml. Per day, if that's total obstruction. But if it's just a personal issue, like a drop from the left side of the skull... The right vent is still functioning and the bypass is still flowing downwards.

We might see PTB release at around 100-2, then no need to worry. That's surprising. I've seen patients with PTBD (Post-Traumatic Bleeding Disorder) before. The teacher would ask in the morning how much was earned. One sign that it's working well. You could ask from the old records what the original arrival and departure times were.

How much is it today? What's the result like if it goes down? Many people are suspicious and wonder if it's clogged. Did it come loose or something like that? It means the disease has improved without needing treatment. Or maybe it's because it's flowing downwards? That's unlikely, right? Okay, so water loss can include types like AC loss.

With Kori, it's easy to track him down, just lose your account. If these break down quickly or frequently, they will cause problems. There are a lot of things, and there's also the matter of necromancy. There are quite a few system components, but if it's Kori... If deterioration occurs over a long period of time, the body will begin to...

These can compensate; they don't have much hemonic acid. The problem is with the draft itself. Guy encountered the Dilipdias on the Skin Turgon route, but... What would be normal, right? Chronicles think about the patients. The cancer patients who are extremely thin are... lost But what if it's a patient? Or, being shot and bleeding profusely, or having severe diarrhea...

BPROP, for example, would be a different setting. Okay, but if a patient like me, who has a chronic illness, were to think about raising themselves... For example, a patient who cannot eat. I haven't been able to eat for a week or two. During the month, she could eat very little, only half a meal a day.

A cup like this will gradually lose its form. The body will adapt to some extent.

Patients with excess fluid usually don't come to the hospital with this problem. Excess water if there's no ESRD problem. Or maybe there was a problem before, mostly. Excess fluid is often caused by a condition that doctors treat, which is... We underestimated the patient's condition and administered excessive fluids. They usually go in if the patient is young and has a good physique.

For healthy individuals, overhydration is rarely a problem because... This ID (ID card) can compensate and can drive down. If it can be converted into urine, then we will see the patient's urine. Drinking plenty of water or getting a lot of IB will help. The situation is clear, but what if the patient has heart or lung problems?

If there's a problem with the kidneys, these things will excrete... It's not enough, especially if we give a lot and give it quickly. Give a generous amount, but give it slowly and gradually, like you would with a patient. Resate Sho (Shock) doesn't usually cause many problems. How much is enough? But what if we give you a huge amount?

Wait a minute, the patient might have a heart problem. These people might be involved in some kind of psychological warfare. Heart failure is possible, or in patients... These groups that are infected might also have problems. Yes, but only if we give too much volume, right? Why are we so afraid of surgery? Even a little bit isn't good enough.

At least some BP (blood pressure) in the OR (Operating Room). Why not just give a lot and keep giving a lot if the person... It's okay if the fever is mild, especially if there's heart or kidney involvement. We have to be careful not to talk to each other, but if... The patient is healthy, so why not give them a lot?

If I say I'm scared that BP will drop... If his body is fine, he'll vomit it out on his own, then... Give him a big gulp, 3 or 4 liters, before you go up to your room. do surgery Ah, we were just discussing this from Professor Ase's perspective. I don't like animals that don't get enough water, but Professor Met will.

Ting said to shake it so I'd give it more water, but why the shaking? Giving too little water resulted in a poor evaluation. (1 accepted) Are there any other reasons for a poor evaluation, or drawbacks of...? Overwatering In normal, regular patients only, not hard-fed patients. Or, in the case of SID patients, that's quite clear.

So, would the flooding only happen to normal patients? At 40 years old, I had surgery to cut off the bone. The teacher said there were quite a few spills, so we should pour water. Can I just leave a lot of them there? I don't need to monitor them. Because the correct answer is to give [the item/service/etc.].

It's appropriate to translate it as "too much isn't good," or "too little isn't good either." That's not good; it means giving too much might have consequences. problem Can you think of any specific surgical problem?

It will cause problems like ED (Erectile Dysfunction), and the intestines will swell. The intestinal wall will thicken, or in the postpartum period. There might be a problem with your abdominal area. The compartment is fine; some water will come out. Abdominal pressure can compress blood vessels in the abdomen. This creates a compartment. The question is, what about the bottom part?

What's the problem with the cow? Well, it's in the story. Regarding surgical techniques and intestinal resection. To explain briefly, it's when we perform intestinal surgery. Okay, we're cutting the intestines apart and then stitching them together. Next, when suturing the intestines, we have to suture with... There's enough tension to prevent it from leaking or slipping.

It shouldn't come off easily, but it shouldn't be too tight either, otherwise it will get stuck. When we pull on the swollen buttock area of the buttocks... Pull with the same force as would normally occur. The process of selecting teachers is like a silkworm cutting its intestines. If the intestine is torn, we have to pull with less force.

And we can imagine what it would be like if we saw it in Itta. It's like pulling it out, the intestines are swollen like this, it's stuck. Good job But in the future, two or three days from now... As the patient's condition improved, the swelling began to subside and... It starts to return to the bloodstream, and you'll start to urinate less.

It's wilted, right? What's happening? The tension we thought was just right wasn't. That pulling force we created before has returned. If it's loose, it will leak; therefore, giving... Too much water increases the chance of intestinal leakage. If it has a bow, this is the point. We have to be careful. Actually, the intestinal leakage isn't just limited to this...

Actually, there's also the issue of tight supply lines. Yes, but the tensile strength stitching technique used is... This is one point where over or underwatering is a problem. It will have an effect. Ah Concentration change... let's talk about sodium. I think the professor must have taught us very hard. That's already slowing down our sodium intake. We'll get there in a day.

Approximately 2-3,000 mg per day. Okay, if we're counting in terms of table salt, it's about 5-6. Grams per day, mostly for sodium excretion. It's transmitted through the kidneys, sweat, and G-transpiration. Yes, the cutoff point for whether the value is too high or too low is 135. Regarding 148, some say 140, oh wait, 145.

I misspoke, it's 135 and 145. We'll see the values directly. The normal limit in the lab is located on... The right side of by Laab, right? hyponetia Of course, everyone will ask the same question about this. What did you say? Sodium is different from the others in that... It is an electrolyte found in the bloodstream.

Therefore, it will indicate that... What's the volume like? What's the patient's volume status? So, we can use this as a guide to some extent, right? But we need to set other things aside first. We need to know first that this person has low sodium levels. Is that true? I saw a lab show that said 125.

Is it really that low? First, we need to determine if it's actually low. It must contain some fake low quality.

"Low" in a literal sense means low sodium levels in the serum. The osmomanential rate should decrease, right? Because we said so. Then, the formula was derived from the calculation. It's multiplied by 2, and 2 sodium, right? 2 times. Sodium; therefore, sodium is a factor. It has a significant impact. Just a little bit, the divisor has a divisor as well, therefore...

If this person is true hymetemia... Actually, the serum osmosis level should be low; it needs to be. hypthonic Hypnatremia is true if... Is this ISO (Osmo) normal, or...? You could probably find someone with a hyperactive personality somewhere.

You're a hyperpotency mime! This causes errors in the interpretation of the lab results, making it seem like... The sodium content is listed as low, but it's not actually low. It looks normal, but it's caused by a hypertrophic female. Or did the patient ingest those substances? Menthol in patients, reading hormonal books and stuff like that...

Water will be drawn in to create the illusion that... It's low in sodium, but it's actually a dioion. Sodium levels are still normal, something like that. Another one you'll encounter frequently is... Hypergysemia The teacher probably taught me the formula already. Is the sodium content multiplied? What's the formula? You don't actually need to memorize the formula; just use your understanding.

Okay, I'll take it. Sodium levels exceeding the normal limit by 100 can be harmful. Glucose levels that are 100 above the normal limit will cause... There is a change of approximately 1.6. Therefore, it's glucose - 100/100. Multiply by 1.6. 6 is 100, which is the number that broke. That's different from the normal value. We'll proceed after that.

Plus a refund. Therefore, when you encounter pygmy hens, it's usually... I'll be drilling DTX as well. Once you find the hypothemia, then separate them accordingly. The volume status indicates hyperemia. Hypolymyia, or U-lymia, is a condition in which a person experiences symptoms of hypolysis.

Does this hypobola look familiar? I see it often. In short, there is a loss of flue gas. Whether it's a diary of vomiting or loss. Following the surgery, the patient may experience certain issues. Hypoamiptemia Yes, that's fine. Most of my wives are patients. The medical approach is for SADH, but the surgical approach is different.

It's possible to have SADH, or maybe it's due to surgery. Hypothyroidism can also occur in this organism. As for hyperblemishes, those are found in humans. Osisneprotic syndrome, heart failure, fever. Swelling accompanied by hyponatremia will be treated by... Limit water intake, as these three legs are incurable. They're the same, one gives water, the other is the second one.

What I was talking about earlier was restricting water intake. This might require some limitations and may need to be... We're starting to drain the water now. This is just a rough table to remember the time lost. It loses both salt and water. Both contain salt, but the proportions are not the same. Hypoglycemia means losing water and salt, but...

More water than salt. If it's a U-shaped variable, it means there's a little extra water, for example... Drinking a lot of water or anything like that can lead to excess water. A little bit makes it seem diluted, though. Hyperbullemia is a condition where there is more water than salt. It's excessive, but both of them are excessive.

But the proportion of excess water is higher.

Symptoms caused by hypothritis. Most of the time, how low will they be? The fewer problems there are, the faster they decrease. Yes, if that change happens quickly. It often has a bigger impact than just the numbers. For example, if... It happened that out of the original 140 patients who were... Crypto at wife

For example, patients who can't eat, like cancer patients. On the day we came, we had a follow-up appointment with the patient and found 120 [units/scores]. Like this, but the timing of when it happens... It happens gradually; patients usually compensate. Symptoms are usually absent unless the level is extremely low. In contrast, this is the case with patients who have loss, such as...

There was also a lot of vomiting and diarrhea. Regarding the hemoaminophen mentioned earlier... This is why the sodium changes so rapidly: It can cause quite a lot of symptoms in the patient if... If it's a CNS issue, you might experience symptoms like headaches and confusion. I'm getting nervous, especially if it's related to Masco.

Skateton will also have those with weakness such as cramping muscles. It's muscle spasms, and your GI tract might be affected, possibly causing nausea. Vomiting is a symptom, and if it's CVS, there might be other symptoms as well. It's caused by an increase in clinical trials. Pressure, sorry. CNH might have some issues. It's about increasing interstitial pressure.

Yes, it's hypertension with baty cardia. Yes, that's the Cushing reflex. Why does low sodium cause coughing? Like this

If the water level is low, if the sodium level is low, where does the water go?

Right? Water goes into the cell.

Okay, let's continue. Before treating a rash, you should first check whether it's a symbiotic or otherwise. This is regarding the Asimatati (non-Simistic) viewpoint; if it's the Simtic (Simistic) viewpoint, then we usually... It will take some time to fix, but if it's a simultaneous problem for the patient... We have symptoms, and as I said before, we...

It might be fixed soon. What did we use to fix it? 0.9, 9, or 3% Actually, the theory is that you should suggest it if you have one. The initial assessment suggests using a 3% concentration, but... We need to look at the hypnatosis of people. This also applies if the hypertension is caused by a deficiency.

We will choose to give 3% volume before making any adjustments. The volume is okay, as long as the sodium level isn't yet met. I'll think about it again, it might not be possible. I'll give you 3% right away. What happens if we fix it too quickly?

The question I asked earlier that hasn't been answered yet is... Come and meet this world. Ptine Deminating Syndrome This happens when we give them water to correct the sodium content. Too fast, right? As soon as the sodium level rises, the water... Fast Chip Release That means that initially, the chip went into the water, then into the cell.

From hypothalamus. This is a diagnosis. What are the symptoms? That's it, I'm not quitting. Have you ever encountered a case where the neck contracted too quickly? Did you experience any symptoms when you were pregnant? Never, and neither have I. But I was scared when we finished our training and found out... This would be really scary because it...

It's a difficult condition to treat; almost impossible to cure.

Okay, to summarize, if we adjust the sodium level... What happens when you have hypothyroidism?

Okay, go review it. Ah, if it's hypopolymy, as we discussed earlier. This page is mostly about volumes. It is usually given as normal, or 0.9%. It's mostly 9% sodium chloride. Start with restrictive fluids before water. It might not exceed 800-1,000, but this one... It depends; there's no fixed number. With setus volume to some extent, maybe it's starting to...

Consider giving a tab, therefore... We don't give you the sot tab in hp vovemichy hp nat meia. The patient is trembling and vomiting a lot, so we'll fix it. With the volume control, we're not providing an 's' tab. If it's hyperporosis, then we'll start. Restricted fluids and began considering giving them. This is Yutina.

But I frequently see orders where people notice Hypnatemia. Then, let's look at the tab of the science text; it might be used as... The later options might not start the process. It's the first choice because it's popular with most patients. It's usually caused by hypovemia. This is the collagen formula that the professor taught, right?

Skip that. There must be two versions, right? One formula is correct for us. How much sodium should the patient receive according to another formula? This one will indicate the pattern we're giving you: 1. liter If we consume sodium, This 1-liter bottle should have a certain amount of sodium. That's right, different people use different methods.

Most of these hyperthyroidisms usually occur. It's because we gave the patient too much sodium. Yes, it's similar; it's an approach based on volume. The status is the same; it also has hyperpolysis. It's the same with me, my wife is also a hyperactive person. This occurs because the patient receives both water and saline solution.

For example, during resustate, the patient has an azirose problem. We're giving too much sodium to the product; this will... It's possible, or is there a 3% discount given to them? That's too much. If it's your wife, you'll find her in the world of... (the text is incomplete). There are DI (Extra Lancelot) types, or extra lenal.

Loss can include GI (Gastrointestinal) and skin losses. As we discussed earlier, the majority... It will become hypertonic if the patient... Losing a lot of fluid like this results in sweating. If there are many patients, they may have problems with... Hypertremia is possible because of the water... When something is damaged, it usually contains components of...

It's low in sodium. In the case of hypomyia, it means there's water loss/damage. You lose more water than you lose when you consume salt. Well, actually, anything is possible. Sachi-ai Ra's mockery can also occur in this manner. This works too. Hyperportia often has few symptoms. How much is it, except if it's really very high, which would cause...

The process of drawing water out of the cells may cause the patient to start experiencing... Symptoms include thirst, confusion, and restlessness. I'm feeling restless and confused.

Okay, this is a recipe for... well, you know. I know that one day I'll correct my hyperactive hyperactive behavior. How much change should be considered? Approximately 8-12. Okay, I forgot to mention earlier... That's the daily "go" goal, let me review it briefly. For example, the formula we used for calculations earlier includes... The whole formula is the same; it's not like once we...

Once we've calculated the volume, we'll decide whether to give 3%. What quantity should it be in 24 hours? For example, let's say we have about 10 things like this. Let's set a target for sodium desodium 10. excuse me This formula assumes we need to set a delta value. Take 10 things like this after we've calculated.

As soon as I got the numbers, I decided to give this IV the rate. That's all, it doesn't mean giving fola sodium. These are the calculation formulas for tomorrow. We only have a general idea; we don't know what's going on inside the human body. Are there any other mechanisms that cause fever at this time?

It's happening, and we don't know why because... Therefore, we often need to consume sodium relatively quickly. Maybe try monitoring it for 6 hours, 8 hours, or something like that. It's an upward trend, not a calculation. If everything is done exactly as described, the patient will be... Going up by 10 right away isn't right; some people might be increasing too quickly.

We might need to make some adjustments like this. They might think, "Oh, I'm setting up a calculation formula." It's a calculation formula that takes 24 hours, meaning we're flowing. These sodium levels are definitely not correct; they don't... It appeared exactly as shown. Now let's talk about K, potassium. Potassium is a component found in...

Only about 2% of the cells will... It is located outside the cell and will have an effect on... Changes, huh? What are the main effects of potassium (K)? The heart, right? It involves ATP, right? Okay, intake is approximately 50-1 MBQ per day. Day, generally speaking, most people drive through the kidneys. hypopormia Cut at 5 MBQ per, please. Whatever the reason may be.

This usually occurs because we have a high intake of food. That's too much, or is there some kind of... Too much intake, for example, when we give out cards... Scams will occur if we provide our ID card. Lots of components Or could it be a tumorysis, or something else? Lapdomolysis can also be caused by this.

It's also possible for the cells to break down like this. Has anyone had to go through torture yet? I'm in my fourth year, not yet. Did you get to go back to school, or not? Did you meet the professor? Has the tiger gotten an Aura and then encountered HyperK or something like that?

Fever in the form of a custodial injury to the leg. I've never been so lucky.

Other examples might include patients experiencing shock. Or maybe there's a POST array like this? We often see patients posting AR (arterial aspiration) results. Part of it isn't that K caused it. He has ARES, partly due to acidosis. This happens because it causes potassium (K) to be released from within the cell. Come outside once we've recovered from the gas shortage.

Normally, these will retract back in by themselves. Unless it's so high that it causes symptoms. They will fix it, but sometimes we might... How will I understand, "Hmm, what did the patient's blood test show? High K levels?" Oh, the patient has Arpor K many times, no, not many times. This time it happened because I used the AR device and the PH gas card.

It's down to 6.9, 6.8, 8 like this, there's a condition... In acciosis, potassium (K) is released outside the cell. This is something we encounter quite often. Regarding acidosis and hypochlorite (K),

The remaining ones will be found in Professor Open's patients. ESRD because we know that K is driven through the kidneys. If you can't drive, a HerkK (a type of accident) will occur if it can't be fixed. We need to start with CRRT and evaluation. Hemorrhagic acid (CAPD) is involved in dialysis. It's the kidneys that need to be treated for hypercalcemia.

okay The symptoms are like this, so let's skip that part. You might want this to be known, but I believe you already know it. Hyperchemistry can result in keydorimia. What we often memorize is "T," right? One indication that we would start giving it. K: Normally, when we fix something, how do we fix it?

What do we give first? Is it for Kim? Is it this type of medicine? Maybe. The food in the picture is edible; if not, then it's advisable to urinate/remove it. This involves driving a K track into a G track, right? This causes K to be released into the G track. Are there any other positions for going out with feces?

Ah, ship K into the cell. If, hypothetically, a lot of them are released, we'll know. That's because most of it is a component that is... We might be able to chip it into the cell beforehand by... Giving out that "Ice Cream" was okay before, wasn't it? Please give them some, or you can give them some betel leaves.

It's not used very often anymore these days. But what if this happens? What if it's Hyperk? It's okay, but if it's Hyperk Tor pi tg... Change, and what additional benefits will we offer? come Is it calcium glucon? 10% calcium? Is it correct to administer 1 ampoules of glomerulone IV slowly push? Okay, how does this reduce potassium (K)?

Ah, it's Siliz hard, so it doesn't affect K. So, giving this away is a joke. Wait a minute, the giving of Kai that we were talking about... You have to be careful now because it is... The chip is inserted into the cell, not expelled. It's the patient's body, so we know what to do next.

The one that's actually being used for watering is the Kime-driver. It leaves the body, or it's excreted through the kidneys. But when it comes to the process of entering a cell, we have to be prepared. It will be out soon. But when it's really at its peak, it's necessary to act quickly. Reducing it is one way because of the excretion process.

JT took some time.

Ah, the three at main is just like we discussed earlier. Well, there's both expulsion and changing it. It goes into the cells, and it's related to the heart. [Clears throat] hyppkmiya That means K is below 3.5. One of the causes is intake. It does decrease in patients receiving TPN. TPN (Treatment for Plastic Surgery) might be seen more often.

Internal medicine TPN stands for... Total Parental Nutrition is... Patients who are unable to eat cannot receive nutrition through tube feeding. Just play GTA and then provide intravenous nutrition. Generally, the principle is that the calorie count is approximately... 30, 25-30, depending on whether it's a critically ill patient or not. The average patient's weight is around 25-35.

This is the calorie count per day for the patient. You should aim for a daily protein intake of approximately 1-1.5 mg. 5 grams per kilo per day, and then... Additional minerals need to be added. Most commercial products will only have this much. Yes, these might have an optical issue. Imbalance can occur regardless of whether it's a hyponet.

Therefore, a replacement may be necessary for hypemia. You need to replace some parts. Or, the patient is NPO (nothing by mouth) and doesn't have enough time to prepare for surgery. We will consider allowing TPN to be NPO for a day or two. Actually, according to their Line account, it is possible. You can start TPN now, but... in practice...

There's a cost issue, we might... Starting TPN in NPO patients was not considered. We might give it to those patients in 2-3 days. These are CSID types, such as Linker Lactate. Solution Acetta, or giving it to the group that has... Dex mixtures like 5% DN/2 and 5% DN, for example. The problem here is that K is low, even if...

Or, whatever linker it is that says it has K mixed in. But that's a very small highlight. The difference with this linker is that it contains sodium. Low sodium levels are similar to those of blood because... Therefore, in order to resate patients who have... The problem is that we need to use a lot of volume, especially when using...

Balanced Soft Solutions are, in other words... Linker or Acetta type animals are safe. It's better than loading with normal SL, if we... You really have to give a lot, but if we only have to give Lix... It's okay like this, for example, we've already graduated. The community hospital doesn't have it, but they need to provide it before making a referral.

A little bit is okay, it's normal. It's alright to be slack off, but... If we need more than that, we might have to... Consider them as balance, sve, and acesta. Or perhaps we can reassess later whether the patient has... Contraindications include conditions such as kidney disease or liver disease. Is there any danger involved? Maybe we should avoid this area.

Avoid mentioning certain characters; you can move on to that topic. I don't know why. One thing that might cause problems is hypothermia. Choose G Track for LOS via Gack. Most of the time, the story doesn't really involve G-TR. Track, huh? Okay, this is a symptom of hypomyelitis. Surgery also has a group of patients who...

Conscipation can lead to the creation of basketball. What is IAS? How do we detect it? Ah, Hypac Active Bund The abdominal pain isn't severe, unlike mechanical pain. Obstruction, which will cause Koki pain if it occurs. Small aches and pains, twisting and turning. What else? Are you experiencing bloating, abdominal distension, or vomiting? It's not too bad because we stay still and we don't vomit.

What will the film be like? Ah, if it's a supply, we need to know when to tell the film crew. Dam might need to tell All about what we found. Because those two are not the same, brother. I saw some people answering exam questions using film supplies. But it just reads the Air Quality Level, even though...

The Air Filter Level is read on the film. What would the characteristics of the product be if it were supplied? General Light must include the words General R. Because if AS won't be AL, then... If one of the bulbs is of this type... You have to be careful with close loops. If it's AS, it will be general light.

In the supply position, if it's uplighting, it means you can see it. Airfid level, yes, same, he the same. This loop is characteristic of b-areas. Yes, the physical examination is a distance-not-affected procedure. Tender hypoactive bow sound or Absent bow sound (IR) is most often... This occurs with the small bund or last bow.

Most of them will be small bows, not... I just found out that "small last bow i" is... Colon dilation in general is not normal, but... Yes, there are worlds where something like a syndrome exists, but... This is very rare, you know, because... Therefore, if you encounter this in a patient in this setting, you must...

Let's check if there's an imbalance in that component. We need to drill into K, specifically potassium. Check to see if it might be caused by hypokalemia. To create a smoky atmosphere. But just to add, it's mostly found in people. Is it septic fever or is there internal inflammation? To make basketball more common in the field, the key is the gut.

Appendicitis; the patient may present with... BAS film is also acceptable if we send it. Acute domain films in patients with diagnosed conditions. Appendic But actually, anything can cause inflammation in the stomach. Well, at some point, it can lead to anything. Whether it's RER diverute chic state You might see 'al' in the position of 'L'.

Is it okay to do an upper rant like this, or...? pctatisentinel Loop has seen it. It will be small in the center position. Other things to consider in worship include hypocrisy. There is weakness in the body. What are some ways we can treat hypokalemia? What we practiced on the ward. There is an oral form and an IV form, yes.

How will she choose? If it's edible, then eat it, right? There are two factors we need to consider. The assessment will be based on whether the patient can eat; if they can, then... We give them 2, which is a very low level. Very low levels might require IV administration. Regarding the term "edible," I'd like you to look a little further and consider what it means to eat.

Whichever type you get, you can eat it. It's like trying it for the first time, but you're not sure. I'm wondering if it will be absorbed in that setting. For example, starting a diet or a patient. There's no problem with inflammation, or anything like that. The work wasn't good, but we gave them food just for the sake of it.

If we're stimulating that function, let's not change it. Or are you trying to click something on Google Track? We consider that Gack was not working during our time here. It's being stimulated, so it's not visible. "Hey, I'm starting to get drunk and losing my mind today." (translation needed) If it's edible, then let's fix it.

Can blood test results be affected by diet? For example. This shouldn't be the case; if that's the case, we might need to find a solution. Let's go with IV first because we don't know what it will be. Was it absorbed as we expected? The theory is that it might not be working yet.

Whether it has been obtained or is currently being evaluated. Is it leaking or something like that? That's what they give you. "Eat," therefore, the phrase "can eat" depends on whether you actually eat it. Which type did you get? We'll discuss this again in another episode. Ah, the solution, if what I was talking about earlier was eating, then...

This is an IV solution, so we have to choose again... Hmm, which way should we go? Peripheral Line, for example? The nurse opened the valve on my arm, right at the base of the leg. Or should I follow the leg, or should I go along the central route? Lines such as subcutaneous vein or internal vein.

jugular vein It's more about intensity than speed. What we gave you, Professor Pimonrat taught us... Or is it the teaching professor? Professor Flow or Professor Ole Who taught you that, Eel? Oh really? No, it's not ours, is it? Hey, it's what we have. Appoint these two or three teachers... Professor, Professor Raksman, English Professor

Really? How much should I spend correcting the periferal area? How long do I need to start IV therapy, as you told me? Did you add 40 MBQ to the Normal Side? Give it to the Central Line or Peripheral. Line

oh You didn't mention it, right? Okay, no problem. matter If the delivery exceeds 10 MBQ per hour. That rate is if it exceeds 10 MBQ per hour. I recommend Central Line, and... There's monitoring too, you know. But if we mix 40 or 60 in IV, then... It can be given periferally. Because it's not excessive anyway, like with my brother.

Order KCL 10 MEQ + Normal Sine 100 Raw in 1 hour like this. This might require considering the central line. There are 20 MBQ remaining out of 100 in 1 hour. Most of us on the ward probably don't see them very often. No, this kind of treatment will send you to the ICU.

Yeah, we might not have seen it much yet, but... Just so you know, there are numbers that indicate how quickly something is fixed. How much more? concentration How much should I mix? I recommend... The central line will have problems with the forwarding system (FR). BTIS is also present, but its concentration is very high.

And how will we know if we're going to let them eat? how much Does he teach it? fiddle 30 ml, right? Patient, oh patient K 3.3

How much should I feed them? Do you have a thought process? Or K 2.8 8, which is what we mostly see. The numbers indicate that one dose, two doses, or three doses were consumed within three hours. Right? And then repeat after fixing if it's very low. An IV form might also be provided.

How will we know how much to give? This one There is actually a theory behind it, but mostly... It doesn't necessarily go up exactly as stated; it might not be accurate. Mostly, we use the giving method. Please follow up again. Most people say that... It will go up by 0.3 with the 100 calories of potassium we consumed.

What we gave you will increase the price by approximately 0.3. Yes, so actually, what we ordered was a correction. Actually, it's very little, but... we use it. Here's how to administer and monitor the results.

How much is one K? 40 That means we give them 2 doses, then 2 0.3 3. This means that if we need 3.3, we want 3.5. Two doses are required, but the typical dosage is 3.3/3. Suddenly, we'll see a single-dose order and won't need to... Followed by But, you know, there's a theory about how much you should eat.

How much will it go up, and by how much? But it usually doesn't. It went up accordingly. Because, as I said, there are other mechanisms involved. There is a relationship related to increasing, demolition, and demolition. This is for K. Hey, this calcium is from Professor Monrat! Professor Monrat must have a beaming face by now.

It's floating here now. In what forms is calcium found? Where are most of them located? Is the mark in the blood? Is it a free night? That's not a very good form, only a few percent. Yeah, only about 10% of them are caught while floating. In the blood Most of it is in the bone, in the bone itself.

The body needs time to function; it needs to have the necessary resources. The breakdown process is controlled by hormones. Which one controls calcium balance? and Which level of calcitonin increases and which decreases? blood

Parathioglycemia increases in the blood, right? Therefore... When the condition is primary hyperthyroidism. The patient will have a problem with hypercalcemia. The component calcitonin. You're taking it back, right? Taking it to the bone, that's correct. Most of the calcium is in the matrix. About 1% are outside, and within that 1%... Let's elaborate further on what form it's in and how it's paired.

This includes a relatively high amount of protein. When we lose sodium... I mean, we lose calcium. Albumi must always be checked as well. What's the formula?

Have you ever calculated anything when given a problem like "a-ka-a-a"? Abin 7.5 Normally it should be around 8, maybe a little lower. They'll give us the albumin number again, and then we... We need to verify if this is really the case. Because part of it is bound to albumin. 4 minus albumin multiplied by 0.8, 8 plus serum.

This sodium is the patient's actual sodium level. Oops, sorry, the calcium has already been taken, sir.

Okay, so this is the control mechanism, right? We should be proficient in paratyphoid by now. It's about hormones and capsaicin. What does vitamin D have to do with this? What role does vitamin D play in this mechanism?

Active form of vitamin D. It helps with absorption at the Grack, specifically at the G point. This isn't about ID, though. If it's about... This is about vitamin D. HC (Calcium Chloride) can be found in humans during surgery. This refers to the group of people who are involved in bonus-related matters, or... That's the Primary H1N1 pharyngitis group.

When we drill, we look for calcium and phosphate. Because these two are the ones that have an impact. And then sometimes other things like C do it. It seems to be capable of secreting paratyphoid hormone. If this happens, it can lead to hypercalcemia. Same here. The primary HP of the character will be behind them.

Parathyroid hormone, that increases bone density. It also increases vitamin D, which aids in calcium reabsorption. From Grack, and also to increase absorption. The calcium at this ID is part of the mechanism. It's something, you know, which my professor will probably explain later. Let me explain it in detail again. Hypercalcemia mostly presents with the following symptoms:

Whether it happens may depend on the level. That's why it happened; there was something the teacher told us. Are you going to memorize it? Ah, yes, that's right. Would you say that mostly 10 to 12 times...? There won't be many symptoms if it's 12-14. The patient will begin to experience fatigue and nausea.

Vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, things like that. Yes, above 14, things start to get interesting. Coma and Ours would be phrased as "SIM card". Is it hypercalcemia, which is relevant to Denz? He needs to remember this to indicate that this person has the symptoms. Indicates the need for thyroid or parathyroid gland surgery.

"Is it your thyroid yet?" the patient asks because... Hypercalcemia also includes groups that... Symptomatic and eccentric groups. Our fever will pass in the ASY group when there is... That's more calcium than you'd expect, but what if...? Azmatmatic Group Sorry if the Asymptomatic group shows no symptoms at all. Surgery will be performed in patients with high calcium levels.

This is it, but what if it's a Symtic group? We would have to... Let's cut it open, so we need to know what the simultaneous part is. Okay, what's available? That's right, what I just memorized, that's it. It's an abbreviation for Stone Bone. shave This one, it's about kidney stones, no need to remember.

You can be detailed, but make sure you understand the concept. These are the symptoms; they are what they appear to be. In cases of hypercalcemia, there is the presence of kidney stones. It's mostly in people who have bone problems. Pain has bone pain and abdominal pain. Camping is possible, or maybe some kind of acrobatics will happen.

Ah, Pantis is okay, or does it contain polyurea? Is it possible that there are symptoms related to psychosis? These are the symptoms of hypercalcemia. They said, "Okay, this person shows signs of..." It's a parathyroid surgery, which I'll explain later. The professor will probably teach this again in the next part. Gure of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

In Lecorm, is it talking about the parathyroid gland? Thyroid-only lecture by Professor Chanthip. Platelet syndrome too, okay? The professor's going to get sick. Speaking of which one more time...

Anyway, hyperactive calcium supplements are mostly used by us. I'll start with an aggressive volume approach. Most patients have problems with... Hypercalcemia often presents with... Volu deion, you know, and then you usually pour water into it. After 1-2 liters, the calcium level usually decreases. Okay, but what if it doesn't go down, or hasn't gone down yet?

According to the saying, they might add drugs to it, like... Let's start with the diet, okay? As for the Bisfates and stuff... Most of them take effect slowly, in about 2-4 days. Ah, it would help reduce the number of non-resorts, but... We don't usually give it during the acute phase. Large cases of acute hyperporosis present with alopecia areata.

Then, when symptoms appear, we usually increase the volume before loading. For normal sine wave mode, load the crystal first. Once sufficient vroom has been assessed, it will be followed by giving [the service/information/etc.]. Dureti is a type of loop, Dureti is the latter part. Bigger is usually better, and there might even be some added benefits.

For example, giving steroids or biffate. This assessment isn't for everyone, though. a moment

Okay, next up is hypocalcemia, or hypoclimate. It means having a serum calcium level below 8.55. Or perhaps the calcium content is lower than 4.22%. Yes, you can find them anywhere, but you'll likely find them in your nearby group. For those with chronic pctitis, I've seen... Have you seen the Acute adomin film? The one that has...

calcium There are islands everywhere. That day that we Ah, Ganrakan has a case that involves loading film. I came to suggest it, remember? You said, "Hmm, it looks like..." It was a centinal loop, I don't know who was there at the time. some That one has csify. Is there anything that I don't remember?

That day will never come; there will be no plan, no csify. Ah, if it's the chronic panting group, it will... I see it as `csify` based on the location. The pan is extinguished and then in the pan is extinguished, right? They're scattered all over the PC, but the patient group... This will cause problems with hypocalcium.

It could also be susceptible to infection, like in humans. NF fever, or burn patients, may also experience it. Regarding the topic of HY (Hypochondria), that's what I encountered... Plastic surgery for hypothyroidism has a tumor. In these syndromes, calcium binds to... Phosphate lowers the level of calcium. It's gone down, or is there a massive drop?

Transfusion is given to trauma patients. MTP, or Massive Transfusion Protocol The blood sample on the component card that we provided. It will contain some level of phosphate. Therefore, it will bind with calcium. It's in the patient's blood when we give them a blood transfusion. Once you reach a certain level, like 2U or 4U, you might start to need...

Consider administering 10% calcium cuonate. To replace it, please.

Uh, did you just say "koi"? You might have misspoken, like you were going to say "Hyperc." It will be AC, right, Pancaketi? Ah, those are symptoms caused by hypocalcemia. What did you find? Before going to the clinic, they should have given us sand to test. Maybe the body. Are you sure of these two pieces of sand?

What is it? This is caused by...

Is it related to the facial nerve? When tapped, something will happen. Your mouth is twitching, huh? And this one... One thousand. TX Exemity For 3 minutes under pressure. Beyond the Colic Bud test, the patient will have... symptom This is a hand gesture, a pinching gesture, and it's a piece of sand. This is for hypocalcemia.

Treatment It depends on whether or not you have symptoms. Mostly, we look at the symptoms. If there are no symptoms, it may be given in oral form. You can do it beforehand, but if symptoms start to appear, you might need to... Start by replacing everything with the IB form. In any case, the surgical team can assess the patient.

Is it okay for the patient to eat? If the patient can't eat... Please use the form ID only. I'll skip the magnesium part; I won't be discussing that. We don't see each other very often. Refeding Syndrome...that was on a question before. take a test I've had some plastic surgery already. Are there any professors who can help?

Have you mentioned this?

Tell me, tell me what kind of pill you found! some

How long have you been deprived? How long have you been waiting? There are no numbers. Actually, there are no numbers. Yes, I believe that Refeing occurred. The term "syndrome" varies from person to person; some people just can't tolerate it. Foods that develop after only a few days can happen, right? But... Okay, the risk increases when there is...

After being NPO (No Mouth) for a long time, the patient is starting to show signs of... Nutrition includes things like kisi when we... What happens when you feed the food back in? What foods cause refeeding? Syndrome Yes, that means giving an IV, for example, to a patient who is NPO (nothing by mouth).

Or perhaps the patient has been unable to eat for a long time. We ordered 5% DN/2. Is there a chance it could happen? 5% DN/2 Or it could be prominent and disappear. Theoretically, it's possible, right? Give a sugar solution. No matter how much or how little he used to have. It is believed that it must be given as food or left in that way.

ONS, make sure it's a New Moon or something like that. So, is this when we should start giving these TPNs? The patient will start to develop symptoms, but in reality, just giving them... It can happen in a 5% chance, so what will we do? How do you prevent it? It happened like this first. What happened?

Once we assume we've started, the symptoms of... What happens in this syndrome? Ah, insulin search, right? The body doesn't... Having encountered food before, the body is shocked and tries to... Pulling it back in to repair itself, huh? What's wrong? more The body uses protein and fat instead, right? Yes, it involves the digestion of fat, resulting in a skinny, emaciated figure.

Therefore, proteins are broken down into... Energy without using carbohydrates because the body doesn't. There's some flour left. As soon as the leg is received, the insulin supply has a K chip. Phosphate enters the cell to create energy. The job is like being a glutton, a greedy person. The gluttony was working at full capacity, which subsequently led to...

The body lacks all the mechanisms mentioned. There's only one point where the body has a limit on B1 because... So the method is that we can give them energy. Give it gradually, but make sure to also give B1 at the hospital. We use BCO, 1 amp IB every 8 deliveries. Before we begin administering the sugar solution.

Okay. Because of what will happen in the Refing patient. The syndrome means that patients often die from it. Electrolyte imbalance will cause problems for the patient. Regarding the Hp Kyomx Hforce issue, even after editing, it still doesn't show up. It's very difficult to fix because the body has chips embedded in it. It keeps hitting the target.

okay It will all end with... Hello, I'm Fae. From ocalmia How common are these spots? Not really, most of them have a new version. You probably won't encounter that often. This is the mechanism of refiding, the method. The solution is to administer thiene first. It's a mechanism based on the clinical year, you know. Let's go and check it out ourselves.

It relates to the function of thiene in building... This is the OR code used to generate ETP; it's usually associated with nearby processes. They would suggest that we start at... Start with a low calorie intake of 10-20 kg, then increase slowly. During the calorie intake period, there was an increase. Keep adding electrolytes little by little, maybe once a day.

Once or twice a day, depending on the situation, along with... Giving the cough syrup first, yes, gold, calories, we said. We need 30-35. But if we look at high-risk patient groups, We definitely can't give it to you all at once. We need to start slowly and gradually get it right. According to the electrolyte, along with providing Thai.

Actually, as CK stated, it's 100 milligrams per... The day I gave you, but that's mostly for us. My older brother, Professor Newch, once recommended it as number 1. The app for every 8 is fine, but we don't have Tanno Pure. [Sound of inhaling] Did you see Professor Rachata? Oh, Professor Sen? Thymine, right? Oh, what did the professor say?

Ah Because it's better, right? 100 Yes, but we don't have any, so we'll use a blank. It will be a B16, but it's not reimbursable. Every entitlement can only be claimed for certain benefits. But if it's about injections, we only have B-type. Added into the IV... I mean, added into the group. Normaline can be given as a supplement, or injected separately.

Okay, ass, I'm giving you the pill, I'm not teaching you. And there was so much of it. And then they didn't leave either. These small necks are correct, right? Acute Chronic It's okay to skip that. Go ahead and try it. (Tud t ...) Otherwise, we'll definitely not make it in time. The fluid we have...

This is used for resetting the station. We will divide it up. There are two groups: those that are crystalline. Actually, I've talked about it a bit already, about Christoid and... Crystals, specifically isonic crystals, are available. Solution and Hypertonic Solution Hypertonic refers to products containing 3% alcohol. Sodium chloride, and isone is also present.

normal Aceta linger, which in isoonic... It will then be divided further into balance salts. So, it's about linger and balance. It contains sodium; the amount of sodium mixed in is what it contains. This is quite similar to what's in blood, if we look at it. So, in this case, normal decomposition is 154 mq, right?

But if it were a rigged animal, it would be located at... Approximately 130 in the blood, while the level in the blood is approximately 142. Therefore, if we want a large volume... Providing them with a balanced solution will be beneficial. Suitable alternatives include other electrolytes such as K-type. More similar to the blood sample size when compared to...

Normal S, as you can see, means... It only contains normal sodium and chloride. The amount is even higher than in the blood, but... If it's a Linker or Azata, they will have... Something similar would be to mix in K (potassium chloride) with leaves. It also has a "K" (Kor) function, but it's used to solve the K problem.

No, I mean we didn't give you this one. And it can replace K on its own. Well, it's only for maintenance if... The patient has hypokalemia, so we might need to administer K. Add more, for example, maybe add 20, then add 40. Please put it in the bag as well. We don't really use the 3% portion in resells.

How many stations are there? They are mostly used in... The colleague is causing the sodium ate to dissolve. It should not be given to patients with chronic problems. It's liver disease. We often see it used in trauma patients. This one, but if it's the Chronic River... We might have to avoid it, maybe not allow it.

Please use Aceta instead. Is there anything else that can't be mixed in here? The electronics we talked about earlier, brother... Tell us if you can add 'K', then we'll fix 'K add' in the linker. yes But they do contain calcium; calcium is mixed in these. No, otherwise it will settle.

Okay, and the Hypertonic drinks are 3%. This, well, isn't really used much in reviews. yes What types of colloids do we know? Have we ever seen any? some This group of substances has different benefits than the original ones. What about crystal? Can you remember? Colloids will also have the ability to form volumes within them.

Vasel lasts longer with the amount of water we give it. When you go there, the majority will be able to cry inside. The ascular rate is obtained when we give it... As soon as we gave it to Christie, the league followed. It's natural, there will be a schedule later. Let's review the proportions again, if that's what we have.

When using it, there will be the issue of natural colloids. It's albumin; our hospital has about 5% of it. It's about 20%, mostly 5% we use for... Replace fluid, for example, in patients with septic shock. Those who do not respond or who have problems with... We've got fluid leakage now, so we might...

The shipping cost will be 5% instead, but if... We need to increase the oxygen pressure. To recover water, we will choose 20%. Albumin is a type of hydroxyapatite. These guys tend to have problems with AKI (Acute Influence and Knowledge). Many of these might not be commonly used. Actually, they're trying to remove it now.

However, it is sometimes used in certain groups of patients. Or perhaps it's used in the operating room? The main problem is AKI and the party members. Well, he/she wouldn't use it much. At the time we had it, we had Jerofin and also... Have you ever seen Dexand? Have you ever seen him, Professor?

Are those pills they use? Most mages don't even use albumin at all. He'll believe Boomin more, which I've seen. I agree, but it's expensive, that's the only downside. It's very expensive.

Okay, this is about that thing. Molecular weight, huh? Nothing special, really. You have to remember this. I want you to know this. The distribution of water when we administer it into the body. The patient said that when we gave them Christero We'll determine how the colloid is distributed. Divided into ascular Intercellular and cellular, okay?

If we give it water directly, it's 5% water. This one It will be distributed in a ratio of 1:38. So, that means if we load 5% more patients, which... We wouldn't do that, it would cause problems for the patient. Let's say we load it into... I went there hoping to resuscitate more people.

Intra-ascular volume, we can see... It's not really in the bloodstream, it goes to... Everything else, therefore we don't use it. If we give away crystals, the majority of the giving is 5%. It enters the cell; it's cellular. A resist station is a state resetting device. Cellular activity does not increase intra-suscular function. Volume, but if we give it to a crystal...

This is what we normally use, which is crystal alloy. That means dissolving aztar at a ratio of 1:40. So, it means it doesn't enter the cells; it stays on the outside. But it's on the outside at a ratio of 1 to vascular. As for the sauce, there are three more parts because... Therefore, if the patient has swelling, we should give them this product.

The fever makes it even more swollen; it increases. Intrasas School is legitimate, but we gave it to them 100%. Well, he mostly goes outside, he usually hangs out. Yes, there isn't much of it in the blood, but if we choose... Use it as albumin, that's all we provide, for example. One sachet of albumin (5%) is approximately 250 ml.

ml is located in the avascular tract. Don't go out to Australia, therefore, for the patient. It has a problem with volume leakage and gives off dust. To some extent, there's no risk of a leak gage. Jechichi will start by giving you 5%, and the other 20%... This will increase the pressure bias, won't it, P'Na?

I think I put it here wrong; it should be 20. This is the time ratio we use to administer the fluid. We know we've loaded a liter of saliva into a person's body. Why doesn't my blood pressure (BP) go up when I have a fever? Isn't it going to end up in some league, especially this one?

The patient is of normal health, based on what we see. Not counting the fact that the patient has sapsis or capary glands. It has a legage, you know, that one's even worse. Even better than before. This is a normal patient after we dissolve the substance. It goes like this, 1:3. If a patient has a leaking lymphatic fluid...

Increasing permeability means even more leakage. at all [Sound of inhaling] Let's talk about fluid administration during the appropriate period. To determine what it consists of, it would include... We've already discussed this regarding maintenance fluid. And then we'll see what happens next. Another thing about volume deficit is... well, let's talk about that first.

How does the patient's face look? Is there any sign of dehydration? Or, if I had to guess, I'd recommend watching... of dang Skin cap refill, right? We'll assess that... How much should be replaced? 3%, 5%, 10% And also ongoing loss, like for people. The patient has a fever, requires an NG tube, and is constantly expelling contents.

Content is constantly being released, so I need to replace it. How do I get back? And what about insensible loss? Is this calculated based on ventilator data? Is the fever high? This is the person in question. Ah, the factors we need to calculate are how we're fertilizing people. I have a fever before the surgery.

Therefore, whenever we treat a patient, whatever it may be... It's a drainage tube coming out of the body, so you need to check it carefully, for example... How much Yureen is there? How much is Jack onpat? How much PTB ABD is dispensed, and how much is the patient wearing? NG, how much was that one this morning?

It was a thought that we would give IVs to people this morning. How high is your fever?

Okay, so that's about it.

Oh, okay. The GTA games that you mentioned earlier, such as... In addition to losing water, Storm Small B... It will also have its own specific mineral composition. Okay, so we'll see if it's in the store. What types of electrolytes are we experiencing problems with? This will be an assessment in relation to... This is the IV that we're going to replace it with.

It's a theory, but in real life, sometimes we do. Let's try the electrolytic drilling method first. Yes, but what if there were no numbers at all? How are the electronic patients doing now? If the patient is like GooO... What will we replace the fluid with? There will be... We lost quite a lot, so we might...

K needs to be added to IB Maintenance. Yes, but if we drill... The blood test results are in, and they're normal, so we don't need to do anything yet. You can wear it if you want.

This is what I want to give you. I'm starting to get familiar with the concept of volume, that each... In the organs that the patient is experiencing loss of function, it will... How much loss volume did you find? Okay, think of Stormx, and think of GOO. If you think of Small Bow, think of Small B.

Obstruction in TH space loss, 2-3. liter If you're looking to buy, keep PTBD in mind. Pancas, on the other hand, is a code-operative system. And there was a leak, around 600-800. We can find out if the fluid is faulty. Hmm, if the patient presents with this diagnosis, is it possible? How much volume is missing?

For example, if a patient ingests GOO, and it's a recent illness, then... 1-2 liters, right, if it's a small-function PM (presumably a small office part). When it came out, I saw the liquid was quite thick, probably 2-3 liters. That's the fluid that's inside there that we need. Replace with entering a vascular system.

Is it all gone yet? Loss? Oh, okay. This is difficult to assess; it's an insensible loss. Yes, you might encounter this in cases like these. What I told you before was about the time the patient was experiencing. Ah, the lotus plant is very large, it will have water inside. This Tezichen is considered to be...

Space loss has no effect on hemodynamics. It's similar to losing water, isn't it? It means the patient has pituitary fluid, such as from a bite. Has anyone ever had an off-suction device bite? When I opened it, my stomach was full of water. It was like... It's not like my intestines ruptured, everything's still fine, but there is...

The league is released into the perionium, you know. This can also be found; the patient doesn't have sepsis, no. It was obtained from... Free fluid from the mechanic's reservoir. Inflammation causes space loss. Can the floor swell, like in an NF patient's case, causing leg swelling? The league water has gone to the international markets that are interested, but only a portion.

"Large" would mean quite a lot, like a large number of patients. Burn is like...whatever it is. type DM food on the big toe like that probably wouldn't be a problem. How much is it? It's a small amount, but what about larger amounts? For example, in a trauma case where the leg is severely injured, what would this case be?

There were quite a big loss, Softue. Infection is one example; for instance, NF (Neuro-Cyber Virus) is another. Swollen legs are also a possibility. Okay, we've already talked about this, haven't we? The issue of... What happens if the volume is too low before surgery? Okay. okay Does anyone have any questions? This topic is mostly necessary, I understand.

I guess I have to go and read it again myself. There's this older sibling who's taken up a lot of our time. Does anyone have any doubts, otherwise I'll quit.

Anyone who doesn't have anything to do can go and rest. I'm staying here too.

no

What indicates that?

It's like, it gets bitten more often than it gets caught on a hook, so you can't eat it. We're both really annoyed. The teacher gave Okay, if we were to buy land... Say No, it has to be closed. Just lock it and leave me here.