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Week 1 - 1.1.0 Anatomy of an argument — Transcript · YTtoTranscript

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Week 1 - 1.1.0 Anatomy of an argument

Philosophy at Azim Premji University · 1,696 words · 8 min read · EN

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Below is the complete, readable transcript of Week 1 - 1.1.0 Anatomy of an argument by Philosophy at Azim Premji University on YouTube. Read the full text, copy any part you need, or generate a transcript for any video with our free tool.

Welcome to this first unit of your course on public reasoning. Now, in this unit, we are going to familiarize you with the basic structure of an argument. This is a really important unit because it gives you the building blocks that we're then going to presuppose for the rest of this course. So, I'm sure you

all know that it's hard to recover from bad beginnings, and I'm sure you're all going to do your very best to make as good a beginning as you can with this course. This video is an introduction to the unit. We're going to start by watching three short video clips. Now, pay attention, make notes, pause

whenever you need. Um, I will be asking you qu one short question about these videos after, so watch them carefully. I consider it extremely extremely unfortunate that what is being taught to children in textbooks in schools depends on the political party in power in the state at that time. It's absolutely ridiculous. History is history and of

course it is told through the eyes of the victor but facts are facts and what has happened is what has happened. There is no need to either eulogize a person a historical personage or to criticize and demonize him. It's happening. Tip Sutan existed. Whether you like what he did or didn't like what he did, he existed. He

was there to remove him, to change the chapters is utterly, utterly ridiculous. As it is the case with other uh historical personages as well, people who have been part of India's history who have helped form the country to be the way it is. and for political parties to censor and change, whether it's a

BJP, whether it's a Congress, to interfere with historical teaching of history. I mean, it's it's it's beyond ridiculous really and it's something which really has to be nipped in the bud. It's already there, but hopefully it'll stop. An ideal thing would be a panel uh objective panel in this divided country. An objective panel set up to

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make these books properly as objectively as possible and that is what should be taught to the children. Sank I agree with you when you talked about the association and also with Rahul when he explained it to us but I'm shocked I'm surprised that there are top athletes in the Indian Olympic Association now which

is headed by an Indian superstar pya there's Anju Bobby George there's a gagan narang there bindra is there everyone is there but none of them has uttered a word I mean pya said something after two days but why do you think we're talking about association but this this could have been the first

These athletes, these top athletes should have come and show solidarity. I mean don't take sides. Don't say Mr. Biden is right or so and so is right. But beyond the posts, you be an athlete first and they should have come and give some moral support to these players who are sitting on Dha. That would have been

a big step in what you are referring to in association. The Indian constitution was drafted by the constituent assembly and it provided article 44 which says the state shall I'll read that line endeavor to promote endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. So it is the

constitutional mandate to any government that it will strive for securing the uniform civil code for India. This issue was again debated in 1995 in Sarah Muptil's case where the two honorable judges of the Supreme Court in two separate judgments expressed the desire that the government should go for a uniform civil court. One honorable judge

said we appealed to the prime minister. Another said lettered to the law commission. Similar observations were given in 2015 in ABC versus state that still we are not having uniform civil court in this country. I think it is the right time to comply with the directions of the Supreme Court as well as the

constitutional requirement of having a uniform civil court. It will be in the So here's the question. Which one of these three is not like the others? And you can pause and think about this. In general, as you go through these videos, you may want to pause, go back, rewind. That's why these videos are there. Um

but I do want to point out before you pause and think over the question I've put to you on the slide um there is one way in which all three of them are very similar. Well two ways superficial way. They're all on this on this same debate show called the big fight. Um but

somewhat relatedly all all three of them are examples of public reasoning. Um you don't have to you know remember any kind of definition of what public reasoning is but it's good to kind of have this in mind as a kind of rough rule of thumb. Um typically public reasoning as the name public suggests is about questions

that are of significance in the public sphere. So for example if there's some kind of debate about whether a particular club should have a uniform for example I mean that's a matter internal to a club right? It's not a question thing of general public concern. If they're debates within your friends groups, I mean, they're very

heated debates, but they aren't of general public concern typically, unless your friend's group is the cabinet or something. Um, which I'm guessing is not for any of you yet. Uh, so not questions of public reasoning, right? So you somewhere we are making some assumptions about the public sphere, the private sphere and all of this is very messy.

But as a general rule of thumb, just think about is this of general general relevance. Uh and all three of these are and then of course the other thing is there are things of general relevance but which can be easily settled by experts like lay people might have conflicting opinions on them but experts

can tell you oh this this is how it works. Um typically things when we talk about examples of public reasoning cases of public reasoning the kinds of things you'll be looking at throughout this course are things which are debatable. the things about which about which more than one more than one or two

conflicting opinions can be reasonably held. So and that's again the case with all three of these um the uniform civil code what the right attitude is for the sports people. These are all the question of textbooks and uh the role of politics in the writing of history. These are all difficult debatable topics. These are all three examples of

public reasoning. But there's one of them that's not like the other two. Um, and that has to do with the structure of these units. I'm giving you lots of clues. Can you find which one it is? Okay. So, if you still can't find which one it is, hopefully you pause and try to think about this. If you still can't

figure out which one it is, um, here's another clue uh, or a slightly easier question. Um, here is what an argument is, right? It's a series of sentences where some of them justify the other. Um, which one of these do you think is not an argument? Okay, now again, pause, think about this. Hopefully, you've come back to

this video after having reached the same answer as I did. Uh, is that the argument or at least the claims what's being said by Norris Pram in the second video is not an argument. Right? So in the first video, Maya Sharma has a conclusion which is something about politicians interfering in the writing

of textbooks and she gives reasons for it that have to do with politicians having a particular agenda and ideology but that there are these historical facts and the point of textbooks is historical facts and so they should not interfere. Um in the third case right Satya Pal Jan is making an argument about the uniform civil code seeing it's

the right time to bring it in and his argument has to do with what was in the constitution what was what happened in the con assembly debates about conformity to the supreme court and to the Indian constitution so he's giving us making a claim bring in the UCCC and giving us a reason for why we should

accept that claim now Norris Priam is making a claim he's making a claim about what these athletes people like PTSA should have done. He says again and again, they should have done this. It would have been the right thing to do. Showing moral support is what should have happened. He tells us what happened

and what should have happened. But he doesn't tell us why. He doesn't actually give us a reason to believe what he's saying. So if we come into this thinking just yeah, no, they shouldn't have, they needn't have, there's nothing in what he says that gives us a reason to believe him. So we have a conclusion but no

premises in what he's saying. So, I would contend that this is the one that's the odd one out. Now, this is all very introductory. So, going to stop for now. Um, and again, don't worry if this doesn't make sense. It's just to kind of give you a little a little flavor of what's to come in the remaining videos

and in the rest of this unit. Okay? So, by the end of this unit, you're going to be able to distinguish arguments from non-arguments, identify conclusions in any given argument, and isolate the premises for a given conclusion. And then you can get to the fun business of evaluating these arguments in unit two.

So, for now, uh in the next lecture, we are going to talk about arguments versus non-arguments.