Sujeto trascendental

Good evening. This video corresponds to the text from Unit 2 on the subject, which is a text by Colomer. There, the author presents the difference between what he calls ancient and medieval philosophy, on the one hand, classical philosophy, and modern philosophy. For ancient and medieval philosophy, or classical philosophy, basically, what exists are things and the human being

among them. This is a realist position that the author considers a general characteristic of classical philosophy. In contrast, what is opposed to it is modern philosophy. And here we must clarify that when we talk about modern philosophy, it is always within a European horizon. This is a very important point for us when we look at the next

texts. What is new about it? Is it that the human being is no longer an entity among other people, but now has this characteristic of presenting themselves as a subject? Yes, so we are going to take two authors here to contrast and understand what this distinctive feature of Kant's philosophy implies, and we are going to compare it

with the philosophy of modern philosophy, always within this horizon. So, what we have here is the subject: the individual, who is the subject. As self-awareness, here, the existence of things appears doubtful, but my thoughts, my own thoughts—in the case of Beccar's thoughts— are not doubtful. This is where he can anchor his certainty and from there reconstruct

everything. And notice that this subject presents himself as a subject of self-awareness, and it is from this immediacy with consciousness that we can have certainty. Here, and what he does will separate what he will call the recollection from the res extensa. The recollection is the thing that thinks, and we access it through introspection. The res extensa, on the