1: Nucleic Acids Chemistry | Molecular Biology | Biochemistry | N'JOY Biochemistry

Hello everyone. Today I'm going to start video lecture series on molecular biology. This is the first video in the series and in this video we are going to study about nucleic acid chemistry. DNA that is deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA that is ribonucleic acid, both are collectively called as nucleic acids. And DNA is present in the nuclei and

some DNA is present in the mitochondria. While 90% of RNA is present in the cell cytoplasm and 10% is present in the nucleolus. DNA is a repository of genetic information in all species except some viruses like retroviruses. The genetic information is passed from one generation to next generation and RNAs play a crucial role in the process

of transmission of genetic information in all species. These nucleic acids, they are polymers of nucleotides and these are also called as building blocks of nucleic acids. These nucleotides are nitrogenous compound. They are consisting of three components. The first is nitrogenous base, second is pentose sugar and third is phosphate. What is the difference between

nucleoside and nucleotide? When sugar is attached to nitrogenous base, it is called as nucleoside. And when sugar is attached to both nitrogenous base and phosphate, it is nucleotide. Nucleic acids have two kinds of pentose sugar and five carbon atoms of sugar are given prime numbers like one prime, two prime, three prime, four prime and five

prime. Both types of pentoses are in their beta form. Beta form means hydroxyl group is attached to carbon one and it lies above the plane of this cyclic ring. Beta 2 deoxyribose sugar is present in DNA and beta-D-ribose sugar is present in RNA. The difference between deoxyribose sugar and ribose sugar is that the hydroxyl